Capital humano, progresso técnico, difusão tecnológica e crescimento econômico para uma amostra ampla de países

Abstract

According to the Schumpeterian approach, growth is explained by initial endowment of human capital since this influences the nation capability of innovating and of catching up the technology of leader nation. Nelson and Phelps (1966) describe growth as being driven by the stock of human capital which in turn affect a country’s ability to innovate and catch up with more advanced countries. In Romer (1990) approach, growth is driven by technological change that arises from intentional decisions made by profit-maximizing agents. Objective of this paper is to verify empirically in line with these two approaches the influence of the human capital on economic growth across its effects on technological diffusion and product growth. The empirical analysis is performed using the stochastic frontier approach and the output-oriented Malmqüist. This index is decomposed into two components: technological progress and efficiency change. We use the technological progress component part of the Malmqüist index to verify both Nelson-Phelps and Romer approaches.