Efeitos da redução tarifária da década de 1990 sobre a distribuição intra-setorial da produção e da produtividade na indústria brasileira

Abstract

The trade liberalization that took place in the 1990's led to an increase of the aggregate productivity of most Brazilian manufacturing industries. This paper shows that this was due not only to the increase in the firms' productivity, but also to intra-industry firm dynamics. As in Schor (2004), using data from Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA) from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), we estimate the total factor productivity of each firm in the sample, from 1986 to 1998, using consistently estimated production functions for each industry. We find large variance in the distribution of intra-industry productivity and show that part of it can be explained by the positive correlation between the firm's output share in the industry and its productivity. However, there is little evidence that this variance was mainly due to the tariff reduction. Nevertheless, the industries which experienced larger tariff reduction are the same ones whose output concentrated on more productive firms.