O que mudou na proteção à indústria brasileira nos últimos 45 anos?

Abstract

This paper tries to identify stylized facts about the sector profile of protection to Brazilian industry in 1958-93. We conclude that the rank of sector protection has stayed relatively stable, specially with respect to the legal tariff. Yet, a change in the pattern of protection has been observed since the reform of June 1988. Until then, the sectors with highest protection were the ones with low technological requirements, with high CIF/FOB ratios, and low capital/labor ratios, labor productivity, wages, industrial concentration and minimum efficient scales. Over the entire period, the most profitable sectors and those with a high participation of private national enterprises benefited from the highest barriers against imports. Since the second semester of 1988, however, sector dispersion of protection has come down, discontinuing the advantage enjoyed by these sectors.